What Is a Coin?
A metal object used as a medium of exchange. Coins typically contain precious metals but can also be made of a variety of base metals or other materials and may bear inscriptions and designs that identify the coin and its mintage. Coins are a primary form of money in most countries, although modern paper currencies have superseded coins for many purposes.
Historically, coins have been prized and collected, often buried for safety. As such, they can provide valuable information about past civilizations and economic conditions. For example, the gold dinars of the caliphs, silver denarii of the medieval world and gold ducats of the Renaissance and early modern world can help define the extent of a king’s territory or demonstrate major trade connections. Moreover, the depreciation of a coin’s value can shed light on periods of financial distress within a nation.
The earliest coins were shaped from electrum, a natural alloy of gold and silver. Between 620 and 600 BC the people of Lydia in Asia Minor came up with the idea of shaping electrum into bean-shaped lumps of fixed weight and purity, and stamping them with official symbols to facilitate commercial transactions.
Since then, many different types of metal have been used to make coins, each with its own specific properties and advantages. Most presently-circulating coins are made of copper and/or silver, although some are composed of a combination of different metal alloys. Bimetallic coins (with a core of one metal and a shell of another) have become more common in recent years.
A collector’s coin or set containing a single or multiple rare, collectable or historic pieces. Coin collecting is an interesting and rewarding hobby. You can start collecting by buying a few coins or you can build a collection that is both comprehensive and expensive. The key is to select a type or series of coins that interest you – it may be the design, the history, the rarity or the beauty of the coin. Whatever your interest, there is a coin to suit you and to meet your budget.
The space on a coin’s edge opposite the rim, typically used for the date, mint mark or other design feature. Sometimes referred to as the “third side” of the coin.
The process by which a professional service grades and describes the condition of a coin, in particular its surface appearance. There is a range of grading steps from Poor-l to Mint State 70, with various descriptive terms in between.