What Is Cryptocurrency Mining?
Cryptocurrency mining is the process by which transactions are verified and new coins are issued. It is also the first step in creating blockchains, which are the distributed digital ledgers that cryptocurrencies use to record transactions. Mining is a key part of the proof-of-work system that allows Bitcoin (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies to function without a central authority managing them or verifying their transactions.
A computer running cryptocurrency software solves a complex mathematical equation that tests the integrity of other computers on the network. The miner that correctly answers the equation gets rewarded with newly created coins. The miner’s reward is added to the blockchain, a public record of all Bitcoin transactions. The blockchain is what allows cryptocurrencies to be decentralized and peer-to-peer, and it’s also the main security mechanism that ensures no one can copy, counterfeit or double-spend a coin.
The best cryptocurrency to mine depends on several factors, including the current market price, mining difficulty and electricity costs. Bitcoin remains the top choice, but mining profitability has declined as its value has fallen and its mining difficulty has increased. Litecoin (LTC) is a popular alternative that offers higher profitability with less hardware. It uses the Scrypt algorithm and has a block time of about 2.5 minutes.
Other cryptocurrencies with potential for profit include Ethereum (ETH), which Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian predicts will overtake Bitcoin in value by 2025, and Monero (XMR). Both offer better mining returns than Bitcoin and are more energy efficient, as they utilize scrypt algorithms and have a lower block size.
Selecting the right mining equipment is critical for success. Investing in specialized hardware that can handle the required computational workload can reduce risk and improve your chances of earning rewards consistently. You should also choose a cryptocurrency wallet that is compatible with your chosen currency and download mining software designed for it. Mining solo can be challenging, so you may want to join a pool to combine your resources with others.
You must also consider tax obligations. The IRS requires taxpayers to recognize taxable income when they receive coins in exchange for their mining efforts. The fair market value of the coins is used for this calculation, which will later be reflected in capital gains or losses recognized when they are sold or otherwise disposed of. Detailed mining records are essential for reporting these events. Taxpayers must document the date the coins were received, how many they received and their fair market value at that time.